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Guía de Autoaprendizaje – Tiempos Verbales en Inglés (EPJA)

📘 Guía de Autoaprendizaje

Presente Simple · Presente Continuo · Pasado Simple

Nivel: EPJA – Enseñanza Media (3° y 4° Medio)  |  Asignatura: Inglés  |  Duración estimada: 2-3 horas

🎯 Objetivos de Aprendizaje

Al finalizar esta guía, podrás:

  • ✅ Identificar y usar correctamente el Presente Simple (Simple Present).
  • ✅ Identificar y usar correctamente el Presente Continuo (Present Continuous).
  • ✅ Identificar y usar correctamente el Pasado Simple (Simple Past).
  • ✅ Distinguir entre estos tres tiempos verbales en contexto.
  • ✅ Aplicar estos conocimientos en ejercicios de lectura, escritura y comprensión.

📖 Parte 1: Gramática de Referencia

1.1 Presente Simple (Simple Present)

📌 ¿Cuándo se usa?
  • Hábitos y rutinas: I wake up at 7:00 every day.
  • Verdades generales y hechos: Water boils at 100°C.
  • Situaciones permanentes: She works in a hospital.
  • Eventos programados: The train leaves at 8:00 PM.
Tipo Fórmula Ejemplo
Afirmativo Sujeto + V1 (+s/es) She reads every morning.
Negativo Sujeto + do/does + not + V1 She does not read on weekends.
Interrogativo Do/Does + Sujeto + V1? Does she read every day?
📌 Reglas ortográficas para tercera persona (he/she/it):
  • La mayoría de verbos: añadir -s → work → works
  • Verbos terminados en -s, -sh, -ch, -x, -o: añadir -es → watch → watches, go → goes
  • Verbos terminados en consonante + y: cambiar y por -ies → study → studies, carry → carries

Expresiones de tiempo: always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never, every day/week/month/year, on Mondays, in the morning, once/twice a week

1.2 Presente Continuo (Present Continuous)

📌 ¿Cuándo se usa?
  • Acciones en curso ahora mismo: She is reading a book at the moment.
  • Acciones temporales: I am staying with my aunt this week.
  • Tendencias o cambios: The climate is getting warmer.
  • Planes futuros: We are meeting them tomorrow.
Tipo Fórmula Ejemplo
Afirmativo Sujeto + am/is/are + V1-ing She is reading right now.
Negativo Sujeto + am/is/are + not + V1-ing She is not reading at the moment.
Interrogativo Am/Is/Are + Sujeto + V1-ing? Is she reading?
📌 Reglas ortográficas para la forma -ing:
  • La mayoría de verbos: añadir -ing → read → reading, speak → speaking
  • Verbos terminados en -e: eliminar -e, añadir -ing → write → writing, make → making
  • Verbos de una sílaba CVC: duplicar consonante final → stop → stopping, run → running
  • Verbos terminados en -ie: cambiar a -ying → lie → lying, die → dying

Expresiones de tiempo: now, right now, at the moment, currently, this week/month, Look!, Listen!

1.3 Pasado Simple (Simple Past)

📌 ¿Cuándo se usa?
  • Acciones completadas en el pasado: I visited my grandmother yesterday.
  • Hábitos o estados pasados: She lived in London for five years.
  • Secuencia de eventos en el pasado: He woke up, had breakfast, and left for work.
Tipo Fórmula Ejemplo
Afirmativo Sujeto + V2 (pasado) She wrote a letter.
Negativo Sujeto + did + not + V1 She did not write a letter.
Interrogativo Did + Sujeto + V1? Did she write a letter?
📌 Verbos Regulares vs. Irregulares:
  • Regulares: añadir -ed → walk → walked, play → played
  • Irregulares: cambian completamente o se mantienen igual → go → went, eat → ate, cut → cut

Expresiones de tiempo: yesterday, last week/month/year, ago (two days ago), in 2010, in January, then, after that

1.4 Tabla Comparativa

Aspecto Presente Simple Presente Continuo Pasado Simple
Uso Rutinas, hechos Acciones en curso Acciones completadas
Tiempo Always, every day Now, at the moment Yesterday, last week
Verbo auxiliar do / does am / is / are did
Ejemplo I work every day. I am working now. I worked yesterday.

📚 Parte 2: Vocabulario

Rutina Diaria

wake updespertarse
get dressedvestirse
have breakfastdesayunar
leave homesalir de casa
get to work/schoolllegar al trabajo/escuela
have lunchalmorzar
finish workterminar el trabajo
go homevolver a casa
have dinnercenar
go to bedacostarse

Verbos de Acción

walkcaminar
runcorrer
driveconducir
readleer
writeescribir
speakhablar
cookcocinar
cleanlimpiar
studyestudiar
worktrabajar
travelviajar
visitvisitar

Palabras de Tiempo

nowahora
yesterdayayer
todayhoy
last week/month/yearla semana/mes/año pasada/o
every daytodos los días
agohace
alwayssiempre
in 2010en 2010
usuallyusualmente
thenentonces
sometimesa veces
at the momenten este momento

📖 Parte 3: Lecturas de Comprensión

Reading 1: A Day in the Life of Maria

Maria is a 28-year-old teacher from Santiago, Chile. She lives in a small apartment in the city center with her husband, Carlos. Every morning, she wakes up at 6:30 AM. She gets dressed and has breakfast at 7:00. She usually eats toast and drinks coffee. At 7:30, she leaves home and walks to the bus stop. She takes the bus to work. She works at a secondary school in Providencia. She teaches English to teenagers.

Right now, Maria is sitting in her classroom. She is preparing her lesson for the next class. Her students are doing a group activity. They are discussing a text about famous people. Maria is smiling because her students are working very hard.

Last year, Maria and Carlos visited the United Kingdom. They went to London and stayed there for two weeks. They visited the British Museum and saw many historical artifacts. They also walked through Hyde Park and ate fish and chips. Maria says, “I loved that trip! I took many photographs.”

Next month, Maria is going to travel to Spain with her friends. They already bought the plane tickets.

Comprehension Questions: Answer in complete sentences.

  1. Where does Maria live?
  2. What time does she wake up every morning?
  3. What does she usually eat for breakfast?
  4. What is Maria doing right now?
  5. What are her students doing?
  6. Where did Maria and Carlos travel last year?
  7. What did they visit in London?
  8. Where is Maria going to travel next month?

Reading 2: My Family’s Trip to the Beach

Every summer, my family and I go to the beach. We usually travel to Viña del Mar. We stay there for one week. My father loves to swim in the sea, and my mother prefers to read books under the umbrella. My brother and I always play volleyball on the beach. In the evenings, we walk along the coast and eat ice cream. It is our favorite family tradition.

But this summer is different. Right now, we are not in Viña del Mar. We are traveling to La Serena! We are driving along the coast, and I am looking at the ocean through the window. My brother is listening to music on his phone. My mother is reading a map, and my father is concentrating on the road. He is not talking much because he is focused on driving.

Last summer, we went to Viña del Mar as usual. We stayed in a small hotel near the beach. One day, my father decided to go fishing. He woke up very early, at 5:00 AM, and went to the pier. He caught three fish! That evening, my mother cooked the fish for dinner. It was delicious. We all remember that day very well.

Comprehension Questions: Answer in complete sentences.

  1. Where does the family usually go every summer?
  2. What does the father love to do at the beach?
  3. What does the mother prefer to do?
  4. Where are they going this summer?
  5. What is the brother doing right now?
  6. Why is the father not talking much?
  7. What did the father catch last summer?
  8. Who cooked the fish for dinner?

✏️ Parte 4: Ejercicios de Práctica

Exercise 1: Choose the Correct Tense
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in parentheses. Use Simple Present, Present Continuous, or Simple Past.
1. My sister usually __________ (wake up) at 7:00 AM.
2. Right now, I __________ (sit) in my room and __________ (study) for the exam.
3. She __________ (live) in Santiago for five years. Now she lives in Valparaíso. (past)
4. The sun __________ (rise) in the east. (general fact)
5. We __________ (go) to the movies yesterday.
6. Look! The children __________ (play) in the park.
7. He __________ (not / like) coffee, so he always drinks tea.
8. They __________ (travel) to Europe last summer.
9. Water __________ (boil) at 100 degrees Celsius.
10. Listen! Somebody __________ (sing) in the next room.
Exercise 2: Correct the Mistakes
Find and correct the mistakes in these sentences.
1. She go to school every day. → ______________________
2. Right now, I read a book. → ______________________
3. He is plays football every weekend. → ______________________
4. They didn’t went to the party. → ______________________
5. I am study for my English test at the moment. → ______________________
6. She doesn’t likes pizza. → ______________________
7. We was in London last year. → ______________________
8. He is have a shower now. → ______________________
Exercise 3: Transform the Sentences
Rewrite the sentences as indicated.

A. Change from Simple Present to Present Continuous (if possible).

1. I read a book every night. → I am reading a book now. (example)
2. She drinks coffee every morning. → ______________________
3. They walk to school every day. → ______________________

B. Change from Simple Present to Simple Past.

4. I go to school every day. → I went to school yesterday. (example)
5. She eats breakfast at 8:00. → ______________________
6. We play football on Saturdays. → ______________________

C. Make the sentences negative.

7. She speaks French. → She does not speak French. (example)
8. They are working right now. → ______________________
9. We visited the museum. → ______________________
10. He eats meat. → ______________________
Exercise 4: Fill in the Blanks (Story)
Complete the story with the correct tense (Simple Present, Present Continuous, or Simple Past).

A Very Bad Day

Yesterday, I ________ (wake up) late. I ________ (not / have) time for breakfast. I ________ (run) to the bus stop, but the bus ________ (already / leave). I ________ (wait) for the next bus for 20 minutes. It ________ (be) terrible!

Right now, I ________ (sit) in my office. I ________ (feel) very tired. My boss ________ (look) at me, and I ________ (think) he ________ (not / be) happy because I ________ (be) late this morning.

Usually, I ________ (arrive) at 9:00 AM, but today I ________ (arrive) at 9:45 AM. I ________ (never / arrive) late to work, but today I ________ (make) a big mistake. I ________ (forget) to set my alarm clock!

At the moment, I ________ (drink) coffee and I ________ (try) to finish my report. My co-worker, Ana, ________ (help) me with the report. She ________ (always / help) me when I have problems.

I ________ (hope) that tomorrow will be a better day!

Exercise 5: Reading Comprehension (Fill in the Blanks)
Read the story and complete the verbs in the correct tense.

Maria’s New Job

Maria _______ (work) as a waitress in a restaurant. She _______ (not / like) her job very much because it _______ (be) very tiring. She _______ (get up) at 5:00 AM every morning and she _______ (finish) work at 10:00 PM. She _______ (only / have) one day off per week.

Right now, Maria _______ (serve) coffee to a customer. The customer _______ (wait) for his food, and he _______ (look) impatient. Maria _______ (smile) and _______ (apologize) for the delay.

Last month, Maria _______ (see) an advertisement for a better job. She _______ (apply) for the position, and she _______ (have) an interview next week. She _______ (hope) to get the job because it _______ (be) closer to her home and it _______ (pay) better.

🔑 Parte 5: Clave de Respuestas (Answer Key)

✅ Reading 1 – Answers

  1. Maria lives in Santiago, Chile.
  2. She wakes up at 6:30 AM.
  3. She usually eats toast and drinks coffee.
  4. Maria is preparing her lesson for the next class.
  5. Her students are doing a group activity and discussing a text about famous people.
  6. They visited the United Kingdom.
  7. They visited the British Museum.
  8. She is going to travel to Spain next month.

✅ Reading 2 – Answers

  1. They usually go to Viña del Mar.
  2. He loves to swim in the sea.
  3. She prefers to read books under the umbrella.
  4. They are going to La Serena.
  5. He is listening to music on his phone.
  6. He is focused on driving.
  7. He caught three fish.
  8. The mother cooked the fish.

✅ Exercise 1 – Answers

1. wakes up
2. am sitting, studying
3. lived
4. rises
5. went
6. are playing
7. does not like / doesn’t like
8. traveled / travelled
9. boils
10. is singing

✅ Exercise 2 – Answers (Corrected)

1. She goes to school every day.
2. Right now, I am reading a book.
3. He plays football every weekend. (or: He is playing football right now.)
4. They didn’t go to the party.
5. I am studying for my English test at the moment.
6. She doesn’t like pizza.
7. We were in London last year.
8. He is having a shower now.

✅ Exercise 3 – Answers

A. Simple Present → Present Continuous

2. She is drinking coffee right now.
3. They are walking to school today.

B. Simple Present → Simple Past

5. She ate breakfast at 8:00.
6. We played football on Saturdays. (or: last Saturday)

C. Negative sentences

8. They are not working right now.
9. We did not visit the museum.
10. He does not eat meat.

✅ Exercise 4 – Answers

woke up, did not have, ran, had already left, waited, was,
am sitting, feel, is looking, think, is not / isn’t, was,
arrive, arrived, never arrive, made, forgot,
am drinking, am trying, is helping, always helps,
hope

✅ Exercise 5 – Answers

works, does not like, is, gets up, finishes, only has,
is serving, is waiting, looks, smiles, apologizes,
saw, applied, has, hopes, is, pays

🎓 Parte 6: Autoevaluación

¿Qué tan bien comprendiste cada tema?

Habilidad 👍 ¡Lo tengo! 🤔 Necesito más práctica 😕 Aún no lo entiendo
Presente Simple (usos y estructura) ☐ ☐ ☐
Presente Continuo (usos y estructura) ☐ ☐ ☐
Pasado Simple (usos y estructura) ☐ ☐ ☐
Distinguir los tres tiempos verbales ☐ ☐ ☐
Usar expresiones de tiempo correctamente ☐ ☐ ☐
Comprensión de lectura con tiempos verbales ☐ ☐ ☐

🔍 ¿Qué hacer después?

  • Si marcaste “¡Lo tengo!” en todas las habilidades, escribe un párrafo sobre tu rutina diaria usando los tres tiempos verbales.
  • Si marcaste “Necesito más práctica” en alguna habilidad, revisa la sección de gramática y vuelve a hacer los ejercicios.
  • Si marcaste “Aún no lo entiendo” en alguna habilidad, pide a tu profesor o profesora materiales adicionales de práctica.

📝 Tarea Final de Escritura

✏️ Escribe un párrafo corto sobre ti mismo/a usando los TRES tiempos verbales.

Incluye:

  1. Una rutina diaria en Presente Simple (3-4 oraciones).
  2. Una acción que está ocurriendo ahora en Presente Continuo (1-2 oraciones).
  3. Un recuerdo del año pasado en Pasado Simple (2-3 oraciones).

Ejemplo:

I live in Viña del Mar with my family. I study at an EPJA school. I usually wake up at 7:00 AM and have breakfast with my brother. Right now, I am writing my English homework. My sister is listening to music in her room. Last year, I visited my grandmother in Santiago. We went to the Museum of Fine Arts. I took many photographs. The trip was wonderful.

Escribe aquí tu párrafo…

📚 Guía de Autoaprendizaje – EPJA Enseñanza Media

Diseñada para estudiantes de 3° y 4° Medio · Asignatura: Inglés

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